II: Dhimmi is the Arabic word for a non-Muslim living under Muslim rule. I use it for a non-Haradri who chooses to serve a Haradric lord.

III: Kuffār is the plural of kafir, the Arabic term for a disbeliever. There is a pun when it is applied to Aragorn, because peasant farmers are also referred to as kuffār, but this is connected to the word kufur – to cover up.

I have chosen to use Arabic as a stand-in for the Haradric tongue – not totally in keeping with Tolkien’s practice of using ancient languages in his world, but a necessary compromise if I am to use words that I have any hope of getting correct.